Redictive variables of compliance with preventive Behaviors during the covid-19 pandemic / Variables predictoras del cumplimiento de medidas preventivas durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Con la propagación de la COVID-19 en todo el mundo, los comportamientos preventivos asumieron un papel clave en la contención del virus. En España, el Ministerio de Salud aprobó un confinamiento de la población de 14 semanas a nivel nacional, del 15 de marzo al 20 de junio de 2020. Aproximadamente un mes después del confinamiento, del 10 al 16 de abril, el presente estudio analizó la percepción de riesgo en función de la edad y el sexo y su relación con el cumplimiento de la conducta preventiva frente a la propagación de la COVID-19. La muestra estuvo constituida por 535 participantes (67,9% mujeres) distribuidos en dos grupos de edad: (42,4%) clasificados como jóvenes (18-23 años) y (57,5%) como adultos (40-65 años). Los datos se recopilaron a través de un cuestionario en línea ad hoc. Los resultados indicaron que la percepción de temor/ansiedad y la edad predecían la adopción de medidas preventivas. Nuestro estudio concluye que los jóvenes y las personas que experimentan menos emociones de temor/ansiedad ante la COVID-19 adoptan menos comportamientos preventivos para la salud.(AU)

With the spread of COVID-19 worldwide, preventive behaviors took on a key role in virus containment. In Spanish, the Ministry of Health approved a 14-week nationwide population lockdown from March 15th to June 20th, 2020. Approximately one month after the lockdown, from April 10th to 16th, the present study analyzed the risk perception based on age and gender and its relationship with preventive behavior compliance against the spread of COVID-19. The sample was constituted by 535 participants (67.9% women) distributed in two age groups: (42.4%) classified as young people (18-23 years) and (57.5%) as adults (40-65 years). Data were co-llected through an ad hoc online questionnaire. The results indicated that the perception of fear/anxiety and age predicted the adoption of preventive behaviors. Our study concludes that young people and people who experience less fear or anxiety of COVID-19 adopt fewer preventive health behaviors.(AU)

The role of personality and destination in the optimal adaptation of international students to host universities / El papel de la personalidad y el destino en la óptima adaptación de estudiantes internacionales a las universidades de intercambio

Recent studies suggest that the optimal adaptation of exchange students to the host-university is associated to students’ personality, and suggest that lowering anxiety, higher sociability and higher sensation seeking is observed in students with successful adaptations. However, this pattern has only been studied in American or German universities. Accordingly, this study aimed to replicate previous results using a sample of Euro-pean-international undergraduates of the Erasmus Exchange Programme studying in Barcelona. Analyses of variance showed that exchange-students scored higher than locals in Sociability, Activity and in Boredom Susceptibility, but no differences were seen in Anxiety levels. Regression analyses reported that the persona-lity variable that best predicted studying abroad in Barcelona was, on a broad level, Sociability; on a narrower level, Parties and Friends and Boredom Susceptibility accounted for 38% of the study abroad variance. Results confirm that exchange students show a differential personality profile, but it differs in some traits when com-pared to American samples. It is discussed how the destination or university allocation and cultural characte-ristics might mediate the observed differences among samples. It is also discussed the relevance of including both student’s personality and destination characteristics in the study-abroad assessment programmes to facilitate students’ adaptation and avoid stress-related or adaptation problems.

Estudios recientes en universidades estadounidenses sugieren que la adaptación óptima de los estudiantes de intercambio a la universidad de destino está asociada, en parte, a su personalidad, sugiriendo que los es¬tudiantes internacionales más aventureros, sociables y emocionalmente estables se adaptan mejor a su des¬tino. El presente estudio pretende constrastar los resultados anteriores en una muestra de universitarios del Programa Europeo de Mobilidad Erasmus, estudiando en una universidad de Barcelona. Los análisis de va-rianza mostraron que los estudiantes de intercambio obtuvieron puntaciones más altas que los locales en sociabilidad, actividad y susceptibilidad al aburrimiento, pero no se observaron diferencias en los niveles de ansiedad. Los análisis de regresión informaron que la dimensión de personalidad que mejor diferenciaba a los estudiantes Erasmus de los locales fue la Sociabilidad; en un nivel más específico, el rasgo Fiestas y Amigos y la Susceptibilidad al Aburrimiento explicaron el 38% de la varianza de la personalidad característica de los alumnos internacionales. Los resultados confirman que los estudiantes de intercambio muestran un perfil de personalidad diferente respecto a los locales, pero difiere en algunos rasgos en comparación con las muestras estadounidenses. Se discute cómo el destino o la asignación de la universidad y las características culturales pueden mediar las diferencias observadas respecto estudios anteriores. También se destaca la relevancia de in¬cluir tanto la personalidad del estudiante como las características del destino en los programas de evaluación de estudios en el extranjero para facilitar la adaptación de los estudiantes y evitar problemas de adaptación relacionados con el estrés.

Psychosocial characteristics and affective symptomatology associated with patient self-initiated consultations in Spanish general practice.

We aimed to determine the sociodemographic and psychosocial profile, and the associated subclinical affective symptomatology of users above the 95th percentile in the distribution of patient self-initiated, face-to-face consultations. Additionally, we sought to determine the contribution of subclinical symptomatology in differentiating between the groups above or below this cut-off point. A total of 16,803 users who self-initiated at least one face-to-face consultation with a GP at any of 13 PHC practices over 1 year, were eligible. After discarding those fulfilling exclusion criteria, 129 cases and 109 controls, matched by gender and age, answered the Family APGAR, the Duke-UNC and the Goldberg Anxiety-Depression scale. Both groups did not differ significantly on any of the sociodemographic and psychosocial variables recorded showing a similar percentage distribution. However, users with high self-initiated consultation rates obtained lower scores on the affective social support subscale from the Duke-UNC. Regarding Goldberg scale, the two groups differed significantly on the likelihood of displaying depression and/or anxiety symptoms. Users with a high probability of suffering from depression and/or anxiety were more prevalent among users on the top 5% in the distribution. Altogether, results indicate that these users report a lack of affective social support and have a higher probability of suffering from subclinical depression and/or anxiety. Early detection and treatment of affective symptomatology would temperate this excess in consultation. General practitioners, social workers and psychologists could act as gatekeepers, preventing this overuse of medical services and in turn lowering economical costs, professional burnout and patients' suffering and discontent.

Perfil de personalidad en pacientes con trasplante renal: el modelo alternativo de los cinco factores / Personality profile of kidney transplant patients: the alternative five factor model

Resumen Introducción: la investigación sobre rasgos de personalidad en pacientes con trasplante renal es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil de personalidad de pacientes con trasplante renal, utilizando el modelo alternativo de cinco factores (AFFM), y compararlo con población estándar española. Material y métodos: la personalidad fue evaluada mediante el Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). Una muestra de 207 pacientes con trasplante renal se emparejó por edad y género con 207controles de la población estándar. El análisis de regresión logística permitió estudiar la aportación de cada dimensión del ZKPQ al perfil distintivo de los pacientes trasplantados. Resultados: aparecieron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones de Neuroticismo-Ansiedad (p=.001), Agresión-Hostilidad (p=.009) y Actividad (p=.001), con puntuaciones bajas en pacientes trasplantados en comparación con la población estándar. La sociabilidad (p=.024) fue significativamente mayor en pacientes trasplantados. En el análisis de regresión, las bajas puntuaciones en Neuroticismo-Ansiedad (p=.005) y Actividad (p=.001) fueron predictores significativos para caracterizar los rasgos de personalidad de pacientes trasplantados. Conclusiones: desde el AFFM, los pacientes con trasplante renal muestran un perfil diferente de personalidad comparado con la población estándar, con bajas puntuaciones en las dimensiones de Neuroticismo-Ansiedad y Actividad.

Abstract Background: There is limited research on personality traits that characterized kidney transplant patients. The aim of this study was to describe personality profile of kidney transplant patients using the Alternative Five Factor Model (AFFM), and compared it with the Spanish standard population. Method: Personality was assessed using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). A sample of 207 kidney transplant patients was matched by age and gender with 207 standard range controls. A logistic regression analyses was utilized to study the contribution of each ZKPQ dimension to describe the distinctive transplant patient's profile. Results: Significant differences were showed in Neuroticism-Anxiety (p=.001), Aggression-Hostility (p=.009), and Activity (p=.001) dimensions, with lower scores on transplant patients compared with standard population. But Sociability (p=.024) was significantly higher on kidney transplant patients. In logistic regression analysis low scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety (p=.005) and Activity (p=.001) were the significant predictors to characterize personality traits of kidney transplant patients. Conclusions: Kidney transplant patients had a differential profile under the AFFM compared to standard range sample, with lower scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety and Activity dimensions.

Personality Factors and Subjective Cognitive Decline: The FACEHBI Cohort.

Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) have the perception of memory problems without showing impairment on standardized cognitive tests. SCD has been associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroticism and openness personality dimensions have also been associated with SCD and AD. From the aforementioned, we aimed to ascertain whether the dimensions and traits defined by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) differentiate between individuals with SCD and the general population (GP). A total of 187 participants with SCD and mild affective symptomatology recruited from the Fundació ACE Health Brain Initiative (FACEHBI) project completed the ZKPQ. Each SCD participant was matched by sex and age to an individual from the GP. Both samples included 71 men and 116 women with a mean age of 65.9 years. Results indicated that the SCD group scored significantly lower in Neuroticism-Anxiety and Activity than the GP group. Only Activity remained statistically significant in a multivariate analysis. These findings suggest that individuals with SCD have a low energy level and a dislike for an active and busy life. From the obtained results and knowing additional physical activities may delay the conversion from normal aging to cognitive impairment, we encourage promoting this lifestyle in daily routine. The assessment of personality may result in an SCD plus feature, which may serve as an upgrading strategy for future research.

Perfil diferencial de personalidad de los árbitros de élite del baloncesto español / Differential personality profile of elite Spanish basketball referees / Perfil diferencial de personalidade dos árbitros de elite do basquetebol espanhol

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en averiguar si existe un perfil diferencial de personalidad de los árbitros de baloncesto españoles según el nivel de ejecución alcanzado. Administramos el Inventario de Personalidad NEO Revisado (NEO PI-R; Costa y McCrae, 1999) a 418 árbitros varones asignándolos a dos categorías: grupo de Éxito (pertenecientes a las ligas ACB y LEB) y grupo de No-Éxito (pertenecientes a las competiciones del Comité de Árbitros de la Federación Catalana de Baloncesto). Durante cinco temporadas hicimos un seguimiento para cerciorarnos que los árbitros del grupo de No-Éxito no ascendían en su carrera deportiva y asegurar que las categorías eran estancas. La comparación de ambos grupos nos indica que los árbitros que alcanzan la élite son personas con una mayor competencia y asertividad, seguras de sí mismas, eficientes y organizadas, así como dominantes y con dotes de liderazgo. Sugerimos que los responsables de organizar y dirigir la formación de los árbitros deportivos deberían incluir en sus programas actividades que fomentaran las habilidades comunicativas y de liderazgo propias de aquellos que alcanzan la élite

Differential personality profile of elite Spanish basketball referees The aim of the present study was to find out if there is a differential personality profile at the Spanish basketball referees according to their performance level. We administered the NEO Revised Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1999) to 418 male referees by assigning them to two categories: the Successful Group (belonging to the ACB and LEB league competitions) and the Unsuccessful Group (belonging to the competitions of the regional Catalan Basketball Federation). After five seasons, we contacted again the referees of the unsuccessful group to make sure that they did not promote in their sports career and to ensure that the categories were not permeable. The comparison of both groups indicates that the referees who reach the elite display greater competence and assertiveness, are self-assured, efficient and organized, as well as dominant and with leadership skills. We suggest that those leading and organizing the training of sports referees should include in their programs activities promoting the skills -leadership and communication- of those who have already reached the elite

O objectivo do presente estudo foi averiguar se existe um perfil diferencial de personalidade dos árbitros de basquetebol espanhol de acordo com o nível de execução alcançado. Realizámos o questionário NEO Revised Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; Costa e McCrae, 1999) a 418 árbitros masculinos, atribuindo-os a duas categorias: o grupo Sucesso (pertencente às competições das Ligas ACB e LEB) e o grupo não-Sucesso (pertencente às competições do Comité de Árbitros da Federação Catalã de Basquetebol). Durante cinco temporadas realizou-se um seguimento para garantir que os árbitros do grupo Não-Sucesso não ascendiam na sua carreira desportiva e assegurar que as categorias fossem estáveis. Uma análise comparativa de ambos os grupos indica que os árbitros que alcançam a elite são pessoas com maior competência e assertividade, autoconfiança, eficiencia e organização, bem como pessoas dominantes e com habilidades de liderança. Desta forma, sugerimos, que os responsáveis pela organização e direcção do treino de árbitros desportivos deveriam incluir nos seus programas actividades que promovessem habilidades comunicativas e de liderança, proprias daqueles que alcançam a elite

Personality and psychopathology as predictors of patient-initiated overuse in general practice.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterize, by means of the MCMI, the psychopathological profile of users above the 95th percentile in the distribution of patient-initiated, face-to-face consultations. Additionally, we sought to determine the specific contribution of the patterns assessed by the Millon inventory in differentiating between the groups above or below this cut-off point. METHODS: A total of 16803 users who initiated at least one face-to-face consultation with a GP at any of 13 PHC practices over one year, were eligible. After discarding those meeting our exclusion criteria, 129 cases and 109 controls matched by gender and age completed the MCMI-III. RESULTS: The profile of users above the 95th percentile showed elevated scores for compulsivity and narcissism, reflecting rigidity and perfectionism with anxious symptomatology but with no physical or psychosomatic complaints. Regarding differentiation between the two groups, the results showed elevated scores for dependency to increase the probability of belonging to the group above the 95th percentile; conversely, elevated scores for compulsivity appeared to be protective, decreasing the probability of belonging to this same group. Furthermore, elevated scores for anxiety and major depression also increased the probability of belonging to this group. The results for clinical syndromes present a profile of overusers reporting anxiety and somatic complaints associated with low self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive patient-initiated consultations can be an easily detectable marker for underlying psychological problems. The results suggest that overusers of patient-initiated consultations above the 95th percentile show an MCMI profile associated with dependency, compulsivity, anxiety, and major depression.

Correction to: Exploring the relation between childhood trauma, temperamental traits and mindfulness in borderline personality disorder.

In the original publication of this article [1] the funding acknowledgement for grant "PI13/00134, ERDF Funds" was missing.

Versión española del COPE-48: evaluación del afrontamiento en pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios / The epanish version of the COPE-48: assessing coping strategies in psychiatric outpatients

Introducción: La utilización el COPE en contextos clínicos permite conocer las estrategias que utilizan las personas para afrontar situaciones estresantes y por ende incidir sobre ellas mediante tratamiento psicológico. Objetivo: presentar a la comunidad científica de habla hispana la versión española del COPE-48 junto con las propiedades psicométricas obtenidas en una muestra de personas adultas con psicopatología. Métodos: la muestra estuvo formada por 301 participantes (62.5% mujeres). Resultados: la consistencia interna media de las escalas es de 0.81. Nuestros resultados muestran un patrón diferencial en la utilización de las estrategias según el género. Conclusiones: la administración del COPE-48 en contextos clínicos es de gran utilidad práctica, puesto que permite conocer de modo rápido, fácil y preciso las estrategias más frecuentemente utilizadas por los pacientes para afrontar situaciones altamente demandantes. Dicho conocimiento permite intervenir mediante tratamiento psicológico para instaurar, potenciar o minimizar las estrategias necesarias para afrontar una determinada situación comprometida.

Introduction: In clinical settings, the COPE questionnaire allows to assess the strategies people use to cope with stressful situations and therefore, if needed, to modify them through psychological treatment. Objective: The aim of this study is to offer to the Spanish-speaking scientific community the Spanish version of the COPE-48 along with the psychometric properties obtained in a sample of adults with psychopathology. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 301 participants (62.5% women). Results: The average internal consistency of the scales was 0.81. Our results showed a gender pattern in the use of the coping strategies. Conclusions: In clinical settings, the administration of the COPE-48 allows a quick, easy and accurate assessment of the most frequently used strategies to cope with highly demanding situations. This knowledge makes possible to intervene with psychological treatment and whenever appropriate to establish, enhance or minimize the strategies needed to face difficult situations.

Vulnerability to Psychopathology and Dimensions of Personality in Patients With Fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: Fibromyalgia (FM) patients may present psychopathology and some characteristic personality traits that may affect their adaptation to the disease. The aim of this paper was to study the relationship between personality dimensions according to the psychobiological model of Cloninger and the presence of psychopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 42 patients with FM and 38 pain-free controls. The assessment instruments administered were the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. RESULTS: A higher proportion of clinical psychopathologic syndromes (CPS) was observed in the FM group than in the control group, the most prevalent being anxiety disorder and dysthymia. Patients with FM (with CPS or without CPS) presented higher Harm Avoidance than the control group, and the presence of a CPS also increased Harm Avoidance scores. FM patients with CPS had low Self-directedness (SD) compared with both the control group and with their FM peers without CPS. Purposefulness and Anticipatory worry-Pessimism explained 38% of the variance of dysthymia, and anticipatory worry-Pessimism explained 18% of the variance of anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with FM have a high probability of anxious-depressive-type psychopathologic alterations. Their vulnerability to these conditions may be determined by personality traits. The SD character dimension may have implications for therapy, as low SD is associated with the presence of psychopathology and with a low capacity to cope with the disease.

Psychometric Properties and Normative Data of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire in a Psychiatric Outpatient Sample.

The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ; Zuckerman, Kuhlman, Joireman, Teta, & Kraft, 1993 ) was designed for the assessment of personality. The goal of this work was to determine the psychometric properties of the ZKPQ, as well as to establish normative data by gender and age in an outpatient sample attending primary mental health care services. We administered the questionnaire to 314 participants (34.7% males) 18 to 81 years old. The most prevalent primary diagnoses were mood (37.9%) and adjustment disorders (35.0%). Concerning the psychometric properties of the ZKPQ, the pattern of internal consistencies was similar to that previously found among general population, student, or clinical samples. Regarding gender differences, a general pattern was found, with women scoring higher on neuroticism and sociability, and lower on aggression-hostility. As for age, in general, scores declined with age. Norm-based decision making has the potential for significant and long-lasting consequences, and the quality of decisions based on score comparisons can be improved when scores are compared to norms fitted to the group of reference. The availability of the ZKPQ norms by gender and age in mental health care will benefit the accuracy of assessment and therapeutic decision making, providing more effective treatment planning overall.

The COPE-48: An adapted version of the COPE inventory for use in clinical settings.

The Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory (COPE) is one of the most frequently used tools for assessing coping styles. However, there is a lack of information about its psychometric properties in applied settings. The aim of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties and internal structure of the COPE in an adult clinical sample attending a primary care mental health unit and to develop an adapted version to increase its reliability and clinical utility. We administered the questionnaire to 301 participants (37.5% men) aged 18-69 years. The most prevalent principal diagnoses were adjustment (39.9%) and mood disorders (35.9%). The principal component analysis yielded a nine factor solution accounting for 61.23% of the total variance. This shortened version of the COPE provides a theoretically and empirical consistent inventory, improves the factor structure and increases the reliability of the scales with a mean alpha value of .81. This version, the COPE-48, offers good psychometric properties, it takes about 20min to administer, allowing a reliable and parsimonious evaluation. Its administration in applied settings could help with identifying which coping strategies are used and which can be modified and promoted by psychological treatment.

Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality and psychological distress in fibromyalgia.

AIM: Personality can play an important role in the clinical symptoms of fibromyalgia (FM). The aim of this study is to identify personality profiles in FM patients and the possible presence of personality disorder (PD) from the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), and to assess whether personality dimensions are related to psychological distress in FM. METHOD: The sample consisted of 42 patients with FM and 38 healthy controls. The TCI-R, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Short-Form-36 Health Survey, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and McGill Pain Questionnaire were administered. RESULTS: The personality profile of the FM group based on the TCI-R is defined by high Harm Avoidance (HA), low Novelty Seeking (NS), and low Self-Directedness (SD). Only one-third of patients with FM present a possible psychometric PD, principally from Cluster C. In the FM group, HA and SD are associated positively and negatively, respectively, with indicators of emotional distress. Patients with higher HA present higher perceived pain intensity rated via a verbal-numerical scale while Determination (SD2) reduced the perceived level of pain induced by the stimulus. NS is negatively related to the number of work absences caused by FM. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that HA and SD play an important role in psychological distress in FM. The fact that SD is prone to modification and has a regulatory effect on emotional impulses is a key aspect to consider from the psychotherapeutic point of view.

Exploring the relation between childhood trauma, temperamental traits and mindfulness in borderline personality disorder.

BACKGROUND: Deficits in mindfulness-related capacities have been described in borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, little research has been conducted to explore which factors could explain these deficits. This study assesses the relationship between temperamental traits and childhood maltreatment with mindfulness in BPD. METHODS: A total of 100 individuals diagnosed with BPD participated in the study. Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), temperamental traits were assessed using the Zuckerman-Khulman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), and mindfulness capabilities were evaluated with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses were performed including only those CTQ-SF and ZKPQ subscales that showed simultaneous significant correlations with mindfulness facets. Results indicated that neuroticism and sexual abuse were predictors of acting with awareness; and neuroticism, impulsiveness and sexual abuse were significant predictors of non-judging. Temperamental traits did not have a moderator effect on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and mindfulness facets. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide preliminary evidence for the effects of temperamental traits and childhood trauma on mindfulness capabilities in BPD individuals. Further studies are needed to better clarify the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on mindfulness capabilities and to determine the causal relations between these variables.

Perfil de personalidad de los árbitros de baloncesto españoles en comparación con la población general / / Perfil de personalidade de árbitros de basquete espanhol em comparação com a população geral / The personality profile of Spanish basketball referees compared with that of the general population

El arbitraje es uno de los temas a los que la Psicología del Deporte ha dedicado menos atención a pesar de la trascendencia de la figura arbitral. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en averiguar si existe un perfil diferencial de personalidad de los árbitros de baloncesto españoles en comparación con la población general, tal como otros estudios han mostrado en diferentes culturas. Nuestro estudio se centra en una muestra representativa que abarca todas las categorías del arbitraje de baloncesto español, desde la base hasta la élite. Se administró el NEO PI-R a 368 árbitros varones de baloncesto, obteniéndose un perfil diferencial de personalidad entre la muestra arbitral y la población general. Los árbitros obtuvieron puntuaciones más elevadas en Neuroticismo, y más bajas en Apertura, Amabilidad y Responsabilidad; observándose también diferencias estadísticamente significativas en 22 de las 30 facetas evaluadas. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el entrenamiento en habilidades psicológicas podría ayudar a los árbitros a manifestar conductas adecuadas que no se encuentran habitualmente en su repertorio de competencias (AU)

Despite the importance of the referee, officiating is one of the issues to which Sports Psychology has paid less attention. The purpose of this study was to find out if there is a differential personality profile of the Spanish basketball referees compared with that of the general population, as several studies in other cultures have shown. Our study focuses on a representative sample that included all the categories and ages of the Spanish basketball officiating, from the base to the elite. The NEO PI-R was administered to 368 Spanish male basketball referees in all categories. A differential personality profile was found between the referees and the general population. The referees scored higher on Neuroticism, and lower on Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. They were also found statistical significant differences on 22 out of the 30 facets evaluated. The results of this study suggest that the implementation of psychological skills training could help the referees to exhibit adequate behaviours while officiating which are not currently found in their repertoire of competences (AU)

A arbitragem é uma das questões que a psicologia do esporte tem dedicado menos atenção, apesar da importância da figura do arbitro. O objetivo deste estudo foi descobrir se existe um perfil de personalidade diferencial dos árbitros de basquete espanhol em comparação com a população em geral, assim como já foi evidenciado em outras culturas. Nosso estudo centra-se em uma amostra representativa abrangendo todas as categorias de arbitragem espanhola de basquete, desde as categorias de base até a elite. O NEO PI-R foi administrado a 368 árbitros de basquetebol masculino, obtendo-se um perfil diferencial de personalidade entre a amostra de árbitros e a população geral. Os árbitros obtiveram pontuações mais elevadas para Neuroticismo e mais baixas em Abertura, Amabilidade e Responsabilidade. Também foi observada diferença significativa em 22 das 30 facetas avaliadas. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o treinamento em habilidades psicológicas poderiam ajudar os árbitros a demonstrar comportamentos adequados que não são normalmente encontrados em seu repertório de habilidades (AU)

To what extent is personality associated with time perspective? / ¿Hasta qué punto está relacionada la personalidad con la perspectiva temporal?

Recent research has focused on behavioral correlates of temporal perspective (TP), suggesting that this individual difference has an influence on many health-related behaviors such as smoking and substance use, physical activity or life satisfaction. It is suggested that a consistently biased temporal orientation is associated with some psychiatric disorders and mediated by personality factors. However, few studies have explored the relationship between personality and TP from a psychobiological approach. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and the ZuckermanKuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) in a sample of 196 undergraduate students through a multiple regression analysis. Results showed that: Past-Negative correlated positively with Neuroticism-Anxiety and negatively with Activity; Present Hedonistic correlated positively with Impulsive-Sensation Seeking and Sociability in a very high degree; and Future correlated positively with Neuroticism-Anxiety and Activity, and negatively with Impulsive-Sensation Seeking. Results are discussed in terms of the definition of both scales, their relationships and their implications in applied fields

Estudios recientes han analizado los correlatos conductuales de la perspectiva temporal (PT), sugiriendo que esta diferencia individual influye en muchos comportamientos relacionados con la salud, tales como el consumo de tabaco y otras sustancias, la actividad física o la satisfacción vital. Se sugiere que una PT consistentemente sesgada hacia un determinado marco temporal está asociada con algunos trastornos psiquiátricos y también está mediada por determinados factores de personalidad. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios que han explorado la relación entre personalidad y PT, y ninguno de ellos bajo una perspectiva psicobiológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre el Inventario de Perspectiva Zimbardo Time (ZTPI) y Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) en una muestra de 196 estudiantes universitarios a través de un análisis de regresión múltiple. Los resultados mostraron que: el pasado negativo correlaciona positivamente con el Neuroticismo-Ansiedad y negativamente con la Actividad; el presente hedonista correlaciona positivamente con la Impulsividad- Búsqueda de Sensaciones y la Sociabilidad en un grado muy alto, y el futuro correlaciona positivamente también con el Neuroticismo-Ansiedad y la Actividad, y negativamente con la Impulsividad Búsqueda de Sensaciones. Los resultados se discuten en términos de la definición de ambas escalas, sus relaciones y sus implicaciones en campos aplicado

Predicting treatment failure in pathological gambling: the role of personality traits.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was twofold: First, to assess the personality profile of treatment-seeking adult outpatients with pathological gambling compared to a matched control group under the Alternative Five Factor Model perspective, and second, to determine which personality variables would predict treatment outcome. METHODS: The final total sample consisted of 44 consecutive treatment-seeking pathological gamblers (PGs) and 88 controls paired by age and sex who completed the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). Twelve months after starting an open program of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy, PGs were categorized as abstinent or treatment failure. RESULTS: PGs scored significantly higher on Neuroticism-Anxiety. Those who had relapsed or dropped out showed higher Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking scores. Impulsivity emerged as a significant predictor of treatment failure. Treatment-seeking PGs scored higher on Neuroticism-Anxiety and Impulsivity appeared as a risk factor of relapsing or dropping out. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the importance of individual differences in personality on therapy outcomes. The ZKPQ may constitute a useful tool to identify these individual differences that might be considered when making personalized treatment decisions to improve the effectiveness and quality of treatment interventions.

Do different circadian typology measures modulate their relationship with personality? A test using the Alternative Five Factor Model.

The relationship between personality and circadian typology shows some inconsistent results and it has been hypothesized that the model used to measure personality might have a moderating effect on this relationship. However, it has never been explored if this inconsistency was dependent on the questionnaire used to measure differences in circadian rhythms as well. We explored this issue in a sample of 564 university students (32% men; 19-40 years) using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, which is based on an evolutionary-biological approach, in combination with the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ). Both questionnaires detected differences between circadian typologies in Sociability (highest in evening types; ET) and Impulsive Sensation-Seeking scales (highest in ET), while the CSM also detected differences in Activity (lowest in ET) and Aggression-Hostility (highest in ET). Further, both questionnaires detected differences between circadian typologies in the subscales General Activity (morning types [MT] higher than ET), Impulsivity (ET highest) and Sensation-Seeking (highest in ET). Differences between circadian typologies/groups in the subscales Parties (highest in ET) and Isolation Intolerance (lowest in MT) were only detected by the rMEQ. The CSM clearly separated evening types from neither and morning types while the rMEQ showed that neither types are not intermediate but closer to evening types in General Activity and Isolation Intolerance, and closer to morning types in Impulsive Sensation-Seeking, Parties, Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking. The obtained results indicate that the relationship between circadian typology and personality may be dependent on the instrument used to assess circadian typology. This fact may help to explain some of the conflicting data available on the relationship between these two concepts.

Rasgos de personalidad (ZKPQ) en pacientes con fibromialgia: un estudio de casos y controles / Personality traits (ZKPQ) of patients with fibromyalgia: A case-control study

Este es el primer estudio llevado a cabo para determinar la relación entre fibromialgia y el Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), y uno de los pocos que tratan de establecer la relación entre dicha entidad diagnóstica y la personalidad normal. Mediante un diseño de casos (n = 47) y controles (n = 94), con dos controles para cada caso, apareados por sexo y edad, la comparación de ambos grupos nos describe un perfil de personalidad caracterizado por elevadas puntuaciones en Neuroticismo y bajas en Sociabilidad. Un análisis multivariante muestra que puntuaciones elevadas en Neuroticismo y bajas en Intolerancia al Aislamiento serían factores de alta probabilidad para ser diagnosticado de fibromialgia. Los resultados parecen indicar que en el estudio de la fibromialgia, el ZKPQ contiene escalas y subescalas más específicas, además de una de control, que redundan en una evaluación de la personalidad normal más pormenorizada. Se concluye que médicos y psicólogos trabajen conjuntamente en la construcción de un paradigma donde la perspectiva médica y la psicológica sean ambas consideradas para una evaluación diagnóstica individualizada y una mejor conceptualización de la fibromialgia

This is the first study aimed at determining the relationship between fibromyalgia and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), and one of the few that aims at establishing the relationship between this diagnosis and normal personality traits. A sample of female adults diagnosed with fibromyalgia (n = 47) was paired by age and sex with normal-range controls (n = 94). Logistic regression analysis showed that high scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety and low scores on Sociability were the most powerful predictors of being endorsed with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. It seems that the ZKPQ provides more specific subscales and a control scale which might suggest refinements in the assessment of normal personality in fibromyalgia. It is concluded that physicians and psychologists should work together towards an individualized diagnostic assessment of this medical condition and build a model for a better conceptualization of fibromyalgia